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Provedimenta navigationis; Provedimenti della navigazione (Terms of navigation)

There are no references to Jewish people in this series.
After a new increase of the maritime affairs in the Dubrovnik Republic in the 40s of the 18th centuries, basic provisions for navigation were published in a so-called Book of Rules on National Navigation (Regolamenti della Republica di Ragusa per la navigazione nazionale; 1745). Over time, these provisions changed and were supplemented. This series, which consists of one volume, contains the Senate's provisions on navigation adopted for the period between 1745 and 1806 and specify working conditions of sea captains and crew members, working conditions of Dubrovnik consuls in the Ottoman ports, conditions for obtaining a citizenship of the Dubrovnik Republic, conditions for the navigation outside of the Adriatic, payments of port, customs and other maritime taxes, and conditions for the construction of new ships. The provisions of the Maritime Office for the period 1747 - 1804 were written a tergo.

Diplomata navigationis (Maritime documents and certificates)

There are no references to Jewish people in the series.
The series consists of documents that were handed over to the State archives in 1941 from a legacy of a private person. These are mainly health certificates issued to Ragusan sea captains in Dubrovnik and in Dalmatian, Italian, Ottoman, French, Spanish and Portuguese cities. Other documents in this series are navigation permits (patenti), navigation permits for sailing outside the Adriatic (congedi), lists of ship's crews and shipowners (ruoli), health certificates (fedi di sanità), consignment notes, contracts on ship insurance, ship charter agreements, permits to build a new ship, etc.

Apolitiae onerum; Polizze di caricho (Bills of lading)

There is no reference to any Jew in the series.
The series consists of only one volume in which bills of lading are bound. The receipts are in a printed form with the following information: date of loading the goods on the ship, names of traders to whom the goods belonged, type of goods, name of the ship's captain, type and name of the ship, destination of the ship and names of traders who would receive the goods.

Intentiones navigationis; Intenzioni della Navigazione (Evidentiary proceedings in maritime disputes)

The series contains only two volumes covering the period from 1767 to 1811. The documents in the series relate to evidentiary proceedings based on lawsuits in maritime disputes. Prosecutors presented their allegations through one or more charges, and for each charge they would list a witness or witnesses, who would then be heard. These proceedings were conducted by hearing witnesses (intenzione). The introductory formula of the evidentiary procedure was: Reuben Vita Ambonetti nei nomi come al Libro dei Comandamenti della Navigazione del 1801 f. 28 d'innanzi li Signori Senatori Officiali intende provare gl'infrascritti Capitoli ad ogni buon fine ed effetto ... (vol. 2, f. 163).


In this series there is a smaller number of references to Jews, which could be relevant for the research of their involvement in maritime affairs during the Dubrovnik Republic. The names referenced in the series indicate mostly members of some Ragusan Jewish families such as Ambonetti, Costantini, Levi Mandolfo, Luzzena, Pardo, Volterra. The Jews referenced appear in these documents in multiple roles: as prosecutors, defendants and as witnesses.

Litterae Officii navigationis; Lettere dell'Offizio della Navigazione (Official letters from the Maritime Office)

The series contains official letters from the mid-18th century to the early 19th century sent by the Maritime Office to consuls and representatives of the Dubrovnik Republic in Italian, Ottoman, African, Spanish, and Portuguese ports. Due to a new increase of maritime affairs in the Republic at that time, the Republic of Dubrovnik had established about 80 consular offices in these ports. The series also contains circular letters and instructions to Ragusan sea captains, to all consuls of the Republic, and specifically to all consuls in the Ottoman Empire and to all consuls in the countries in the Western Mediterranean parts of Europe.


The series contains a small number of letters sent to Jewish people by the officials of the Maritime Office. Among those people, in the second half of the 18th century, there are references to the administrators of the consulates of the Dubrovnik Republic in Algeria, Abram and Raphael Jacob Bussara, (e.g., vol. 8, f. 3). There is also another reference to Abram Aruch, who was responsible for Ragusan ships in Alexandria at the time when there was no Dubrovnik consul in the city (vol. 1, f. 110).

Patenta, Concessiones navigationis et Renovationes concessionum; Patenti, Congedi, Proroghe dei Bastimenti (Permits for navigating beyond the Adriatic Sea)

Ragusan sea captains that sailed on the ships of the Republic had to have a document called patente for legal navigation. They also needed a special license (congedo) to navigate beyond the Adriatic Sea, which was usually issued for a period of three and a half years. The consent to extend that permit was called a proroga and was usually issued for a period of six months. In the first volume of this series the records show different prorogas which were issued on the basis of congedos in the period from 1744 to 1807. On the left page of the book, congedos are recorded, and on the right page, prorogas. The format is the following: Antonio Brateglich Capitano del Brighentino nominato S. Catterina ha avuto il primo Congedo per tre anni e sei mesi di rispetto da computarsi dal adi 10 Marzo 1799 (left page); Ad istanza di Reuben Vita Ambonetti adi 27 Giugno 1802 avuta la proroga in iscritto per sei mesi dallo spirare del contranotto primo congedo, cosiche li scorrono li quatro anni (right page; vol. 1, ff. 9v, 10). The second volume of this series contains documents patenti and congedi.


The first volume of this series is important for researching the role of Jews in maritime affairs of the Dubrovnik Republic. Requests for the extension of the permit to sail outside the Adriatic were requested by the co-owners of the ships, among whom there was a large number of Ragusan Jews from different families such as Ambonetti, Costantini, Levi Mandolfo, Maestro, Pardo, Terni, Tolentino.

Venditae caratiorum; Vendite di caratti (Sales of ship shares)

The series consists of only one volume in which between 1799 and 1800 the purchase and sale of shares were recorded. Records of share trading contain the following information: date of sale, name of the seller, number and price of shares sold, name of the buyer, name of the captain of the ship the shares of which were sold. Share sales were most often recorded in a following format: Adi 2 Luglio 1799; Capitano Cristoforo Milich ha venduto caratti mezzo a Jacob Israel Russi per ducati settanta cinque nel bastimento diretto da quondam capitano Niccolo Marassi (vol. 1, f. 5).


The volume is very important for researching the history of maritime business of Ragusan Jews in the 18th century since almost all the Jews were co-owners of ships of the Republic at that time. Most of them owned 1/2 to 3 shares of one or more ships. The cases where Jews owned half of one ship (12 carats), or more, were very rare. Ragusan Jews sometimes had the ownership of the entire ship, and this data is recorded in the fonds Diversa de Foris (HR-DADU-30). There are many records in this volume in which Jews appear both as sellers and as share buyers. Most records refer to members of a Ragusan family Ambonetti, and other records refer to members of other Ragusan families such as Costantini, Levi Mandolfo, Luzzena, Maestro, Pardo, Russi, Tolentino, Valenzin, Venturra. The records show that even Ragusan women also traded in shares at that time, and some of these women were Jewish, such as Lydia, the wife of Israel Maestro, and Judith, the widow of Nathan Ambonetti (e.g., vol. 1, f. 30).

Assembleae et Consulatus maris; Assemblee e Consolato di mare (Maritime consulate)

  • HR-DADU-55
  • Fonds
  • 1629-1811

There are no references to Jewish people in the fonds.
The Maritime Consulate recorded statements about damage at sea caused by natural disasters, and attacks by pirates and corsairs. Testimonies were given by captains, crew members and passengers of both Dubrovnik and foreign ships, whose first port of call after the accident was Dubrovnik. Based on these statements, cases of a property-legal nature were resolved, primarily due to the need to collect maritime insurance. The fonds covers the period dating from the 20s of the 17th centuries to the beginning of the 19th century.

Maritime consulate of the Dubrovnik Republic

Naula et securitas Notariae; Noli e sicurtà de Notaria (Maritime transportation insurances registered at the Public Notary)

The series contains records of maritime insurance for merchandise that mainly arrived from the area of the Ottoman Empire and was primarily transported to Italian ports (mostly Ancona and Venice). The records contain the following data: the name of the sales representative, the name of the merchant, i.e., the owner of the merchandise, sometimes the name of the city where the merchant lived, details of the merchandise (type and quantity), place of loading, name of ship, name of captain, place of unloading, name of insurer and price insurance. The records of the series are from the middle of the 16th century to the middle of the 18th century.


Between 1564 and 1646, the record shows that approximately 4,000 maritime insurance contracts were registered with references to Jewish population. The series is, therefore, very important for the research of business affairs of Jews and for reconstructing their business network in the Balkans and the Mediterranean. Jews appear in this series both as merchants and as trade representatives. It is also apparent that Jewish merchants who sent their goods through Dubrovnik, would choose, almost always, Jewish trade representatives. Most of these sales representatives, who were in charge of securing the goods and of shipping these from Dubrovnik, were members of Jewish families such as Abeatar, Abendana, Abenun, Azubi, Benmelech, Cabiglio, Coen, Cusi, Danon, Ergas, Maestro and Oef. Among them, Samuel Ergas, the consul of the Ragusan Jews, Aron Coen, a famous Dubrovnik rabbi, and David Coen de Herrera, the father of Abraham Coen de Herrera (vol. 49, ff. 92, 92v) stand out as famous sephardim of that period. Jewish merchants came from Ottoman cities such as Sofia, Vlora, Sarajevo, Belgrade, Skopje, Bitola. The goods that were sent via Dubrovnik to Italian ports (Ancona and Venice), were usually wool, wax, various types of leather, raw silk and spices. The significance of this series for the history of the Sephardim, can be better understood taking into consideration a doctoral thesis written by Benedetto Ligorio Le reti economiche e sociali degli ebrei nella Repubblica di Ragusa e la diaspora commerciale sefardita, 1546-1667 (Roma, Sapienza, 2017).

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