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Lamenta de criminali post terraemotum (Criminal charges after the earthquake in 1667)

The series contains registers of criminal cases recorded during the period of five years of the 15th and 16th centuries. Criminal cases mainly relate to physical violence, murder, verbal violence, and property crimes. Each case consists of a lawsuit filed by a private person or by the state (ex officio). Witnesses are listed in the case and, if necessary, their written testimonies are also added. It is a characteristic of the Dubrovnik Criminal Court that it rarely pronounced verdicts, most likely because most disputes were settled in conciliation of the warring parties. The mark "fatta" entered on the margins of the documents indicates that a judgment was pronounced. Some verdicts were written at the end of the case, and in most cases the verdicts were registered in special books kept in the fonds Criminalia (HR-DADU-23).


The series Lamenta de criminali post terraemotum is a first-rank source for researching everyday life of the Dubrovnik Jewish community in the broadest sense of the word. The archival material also provides an opportunity to analyse the relations of Dubrovnik Jews with both: their fellow citizens and the authorities of the Republic. In total, there are about 600 cases in which Jewish people are referenced to in the role of prosecutors, defendants, or witnesses, which is about 2% of the total number of cases recorded in this series. The members of eleven large Dubrovnik Jewish families dominate (Ambonetti, Campos, Fermo, Levi Mandolfo, Luzzena, Maestro, Pardo, Russo, Terni, Valenzin, Vitali). A catalogue of litigations belonging to this series related to Jews (1667-1805) was compiled in 2016. Disputes are presented in a precisely defined form with the following information: date of the lawsuit, name of the plaintiff, name of the defendant, type of crime, place and date of the crime, verdict, and archival signature.

Lamenta de criminali sive Libri maleficiorum (Books of criminal complaints)

There is no reference to Jewish people in the series.
The series consists of registers of criminal cases from the mid-14th century to the mid-15th century, kept by the Curia Maior and Curia Minor (the Criminal Court was established in 1459). The oldest criminal cases are recorded in individual documents, while registers for criminal cases (Libri maleficiorum or Libri de maleficiis) had begun to be kept even before 1279. The data show that criminal proceedings were entered in the series Lamenta de criminali sive Libri maleficiorum for crimes committed in the entire area of the Dubrovnik commune.

Lamenta de foris (Criminal charges concerning offences committed outside of the city of Dubrovnik)

  • HR-DADU-21-HR-DADU-21.2
  • Series
  • 1370-1373, 1410-1414, 1419-1430, 1432-1434, 1436, 1438-1451, 1453-1462, 1464-1476, 1480, 1482-1483, 1487-1489, 1491-1499, 1501-1524, 1526-1539, 1541-1542, 1544-1556, 1558-1565, 1567-1573, 1576-1581, 1583-1584, 1587-1591, 1597-1598
  • Part of Lamenta de criminali (Legal complaints concerning criminal offences)

There are no references to Jewish people in the series.
Criminal cases were initially tried by Curia Maior and Curia Minor and, starting with 1459, by the Criminal Court. Already around 1412, lawsuits began to be filed separately for acts committed outside the city walls. This is how the Lamenta de foris series originated. Each record consists of data on a lawsuit initiated by a private person or the state (ex officio). Witnesses are listed and, if necessary, their written testimonies are also added. The records in this series date from the period of the 70s in the 14th century to the end of the 16th century. The records relate to acts committed outside the city walls, as well as those committed outside the territory of the Dubrovnik Republic (if the victim or the perpetrator was a citizen of the Republic). Unlike the records for crimes committed inside the city walls, in the records of the fonds Lamenta de foris crimes such as theft and other property crimes prevail.

Lamenta de intus (Criminal charges concerning offences committed in the city of Dubrovnik)

Criminal cases were initially tried by Curia Maior and Curia Minor, and from 1459 by the Criminal Court. Registers for criminal offenses of the fonds Lamenta de intus began to be kept systematically around 1440. Although the purpose of these registers was to record crimes committed inside the city walls, the registers also contain documents on crimes committed in the suburbs of the city. Records are generally very short, dating from the early 15th century to the 1770s. Each case consists of a lawsuit initiated by a private person or the state authorities (ex officio), the names of witnesses and, if necessary, their written testimonies. The records in this series mainly relate to cases of physical violence, verbal violence, and property crimes. It is characteristic of the Dubrovnik Criminal Court that it rarely rendered judgements, most likely because most disputes ended in conciliation of the warring parties. Some of the judgements and/or legal decisions were recorded at the end of the case, and some were entered in special books of the Criminalia Fonds (HR-DADU-23). Not all judgments have been preserved for the period before 1667.


The series abounds with information about Jews who came to Dubrovnik from the Apennine Peninsula and from the area of the Ottoman Empire. Overall, the series is a first-rate source for exploring all aspects of the daily life of the Jewish community in Dubrovnik in the 16th century. The archival material also provides an excellent opportunity to analyse the relations of Dubrovnik Jews with their fellow citizens and the city authorities. Another characteristic of this series is that it also provides a large amount of information about converts who came to Dubrovnik from Italian cities and reconverted to their original religion in Dubrovnik. For example, Moshe Sarfatin (Michele Mondego Vas) and his son Jacob (Diego Mondego Vas), Moshe Currier (Duarte Cardoso), Joseph Mocenigo, Leon Mazaod (Pietro de Silva) and his son Joseph (Orlando de Silva) are referenced in this series. In addition, the series provides information about Jewish people who converted to Catholic faith in Dubrovnik, and the most famous among them is Isac Abravanel (Stjepan Abravanel). The name of Didacus Pyrrhus, who repeatedly appears as a witness to various conflicts among the Jews, is worth noting as another significant figure in the Sephardic history (e.g., vol. 107, f. 152). This series records information about the only murder committed by a Jew during the time of the Dubrovnik Republic. The data show that the case is about a convert named Benvenisti Nasci (Isac son of Abraham) from Ferrara, who in 1570 killed another convert Menachem Maraz (vol. 109, ff. 250v-251v). The series also includes fragments of an investigation against a physician from Dubrovnik Moshe Maralio, accused in 1502 of the ritual murder of an old Ragusan woman (vol. 45, ff. 27v-28v). There are many references to Jewish families whose members lived both in Dubrovnik and in various Italian and Ottoman cities (e.g., Abeatar, Abuaf, Amadio, Bensassen, Cabiglio, Camargo, Cidi, Cohen, Cussi, Danon, Esperiel, Formon, Gaon, Lanciano, Levi, Lindo, Maestro, Mazaod, Miranda, Moschato, Oef, Pappo, Pardo, Salama, Sarfatin, Toby).

Lamenta de intus et de foris (Legal complaints concerning criminal offences committed inside and outside Dubrovnik city walls)

In addition to the registers Lamenta de intus (HR-DADU-21.1) and Lamenta de foris (HR-DADU-21.2), registers of this fonds were also kept, containing lawsuits for criminal offenses committed inside and outside the city walls, that were recorded in the period from the 70s of the 14th centuries, to the 70s of the 17th centuries. Criminal cases were initially tried by Curia Maior and Curia Minor and, from 1459, by the Criminal Court. The entries in the documents of the fonds consist of a lawsuit initiated by a private person or the state (ex officio). Witnesses were listed and, if necessary, their written testimonies were also added. The records in this series mainly relate to cases of physical violence, verbal violence, and property crimes. It is characteristic of the Dubrovnik Criminal Court that it rarely rendered judgements, most likely because most disputes terminated with conciliation of the warring parties. Some of the judgements were recorded at the end of the case, and some were entered in special books in the Criminalia Fonds (HR-DADU-23). Not all legal decisions or judgements had been preserved for the period before 1667.


Similar to the series Lamenta de intus (HR-DADU-21.1), this series provides abundant information about Jews who came to Dubrovnik from the Apennine Peninsula and from the areas of the Ottoman Empire. It is an excellent source for researching all aspects of everyday life of the Dubrovnik Jewish community in the 16th century. It also provides an opportunity to researchers to analyse the relations of Dubrovnik Jews with both: their fellow citizens and the city authorities. As for significant figures in Sephardic history, it should be noted that the series mentions Abraham Coen de Herrera and his father David Coen de Herrera (vol. 16, f. 253v; vol. 17, f. 127). There are many references to Jewish families the members of which lived both in Dubrovnik and in Italian and Ottoman cities (e.g., Abeatar, Abravanel, Abuaf, Albachari, Alfarin, Amadio, Bencastiel, Benmaior, Bensassen, Cabiglio, Camargo, Celebi, Cidi, Coduto, Cohen, Criado, Cussi, Danon, Ergas, Esperiel, Formon, Gaon, Israel, Lanciano, Levi, Lindo, Maestro, Mazaod, Melle, Membre, Miranda, Moschato, Nahmias, Oef, Pappo, Pardo, Salama, Sarfatin, Tobi , Trigo, Trincha, Valenzin).

Lamenta Insulae Mediae (Lawsuits registered at the Chancellery of the island of Lopud)

There are no references to Jewish people in the series.
The series contains lawsuits registered at the Chancellery of the island of Lopud in the 18th century, and one part of the documents relates to lawsuits made on the islands of Koločep and Šipan.

Lamenta (Lawsuits)

There are no references to Jewish people in the series.
The series consists of lawsuits registered at the Chancellery of the Rector in Slano from the middle of the 15th century to the beginning of the 19th century.

Lamenta Meledae (Lawsuits registered at the Chancellery of the Autonomous Commune on the island of Mljet)

There are no references to Jewish people in the series.
The series contains lawsuits registered at the Chancellery of the Autonomous Commune of the island of Mljet from the middle of the 15th century to the beginning of the 19th century.

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