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Dicta Domini Rectoris; Detta (Expenditures of the Rector's Palace)

  • HR-DADU-29
  • Fonds
  • 1543-1549, 1575-1580, 1583-1589, 1618-1640, 1653-1665, 1667, 1670-1682, 1684-1719, 1621-1626, 1628-1757, 1760-1761, 1763, 1765-1774, 1776-1777, 1779, 1782, 1804, 1808

The fonds covers the period from the middle 16th century to the beginning of the 19th century, and the data in the fonds are related to the expenditures of the Rector's Palace, i.e., the costs for which the Rector personally was accountable for. Since his term of office lasted only a month, the expenses listed were shown monthly. The expenses were checked by the so-called Deputati alla Detta, or elected members of the Minor Council. The list of ongoing permanent costs of the Palace changed over time and the expenses mostly concerned the related costs of Holy Masses held in the Chapel of the Rector's Palace, alms for various purposes, as well as the expenses for the organization of processions, Holy Masses, and celebrations of religious holidays. The data shows that the money was regularly allocated from the treasury of the Rector's Palace for the costs of lighting and various repairs. According to the data regarding prison expenses, the Rector's Palace would pay for the expenses of the arrest and escort of suspects, the treatment and maintenance of prisoners in need, the execution of sentences, and the burial of deceased prisoners. The soldiers of the Rector's Palace received salaries and compensation for clothes and straw mattresses from the treasury of the Palace. The expenditures of the state offices were also covered, such as the expenses for paper, parchment, bookbinding, ink, candles, and lighting oil. The expenses of the Republic stated in the last three decades show data on the financial support that was given to both Christianised Jewish and Orthodox believers. So-called Separate section of the volumes of this fonds lists the expenses of locksmiths, mostly related to the dungeons, and the extraordinary expenses, which mostly refer to the expenses of the stay of distinguished Ottoman guests in Dubrovnik. The treasury of the Rector's Palace also paid for the cleaning of the streets from various impurities and for the removal of dead animals, as well as for the costs of the postal service (couriers and shipping). Money was also allocated for the costs of anti-plague measures.


The fonds contains only a small amount of data on Jewish people. The references mainly relate to financial support provided for the maintenance of Christianised Jews and of those Jews who worked as state bookbinders. The information on the financial support that the state provided for Christianised Jewish women and men can be found in the documents from the last three decades of the 18th century. For example, according to the data, a certain Jewish woman Mande, the daughter of a Christianised Jew Antun Ambonetti (Samuel Ambonetti), also referred to in the documents as Mande Bonette, received through 1776/1777 the financial support of two grossetti per day (e.g., vol. 78, f. 41). There is also reference that a stretcher was paid once from the state treasury on which an unnamed Jewish woman was taken first to the archbishop and then to a convent (vol. 53, ff. 6v, 8). Moshe and Vital Fermi, and Baruch and Solomon Vitali are also referenced to as state bookbinders. The data shows that the Palace treasury also supplied offices at the Rector's Palace with paper and bound sheets of paper for writing as well as restored damaged books and documents between the late 17th century and the 80s of the 18th centuries. As for other data on Jewish people in this fonds, there are some minor references to Jewish craftsmen who, on several occasions, carried out various repairs in the Rector's Palace, (e.g., covering the table in the office of the Public Notary with leather and window repairing). The documents also show evidence that, while they were quarantined in Lazarettos and other quarantine areas, prominent Ottoman guests were treated by the Dubrovnik state and supplied with daily necessities. According to the data, the Jewish community of Dubrovnik were also involved in this custom, providing necessary pieces of furniture and other items for their stay. Several records showed that Jews received compensation for destroyed items from the treasury of the Rector's Palace. The money from the Palace treasury was also used to pay for the repairs of the keys and the entrance door to the ghetto.

Office of the Secretary of the Dubrovnik Republic

Intentiones Cancellariae; Intentiones de Cancellaria (Court applications submitted to the Chancellery and first depositions in civil litigations)

  • HR-DADU-22
  • Fonds
  • 1380-1383, 1457-1459, 1574-1576, 1568-1569, 1581-1583, 1601-1603, 1605-1815

The fonds contains registers with letters of applications and first statements in civil litigations dating to the 80s of the 14th century, mid-15th century and those dating to the period between the 70s of the 16th century and the beginning of the 19th century, which were first settled by Curia maior and Curia minor, and then by civilian judges (consuls). The data show that in the 13th and 14th centuries, civil and criminal cases were settled by Curia Maior and Curia Minor (for disputes worth up to 5 perpers), two legal bodies that consisted of members of the Minor Council (iudices). The central position in the judicial council until the 15th century was held by the Rector. The Civil Court was established in 1416, and initially there were six judges, and later their number decreased. The most common topics of litigations are found to be disagreements over the payment of rents, rental of real estate, arable land and other land, or disagreements over construction and remodelling, division of property, loans, etc. If it was deemed necessary, the proceedings would continue with a further examination of prosecutors, defendants, and witnesses. The statements in real estate litigations were entered in the Stabilia books (HR-DADU-25), and those related to litigations on movable property were entered in the books Mobilia (HR-DADU-26).


The fonds contains significantly less information about Jews if compared to the records of the Criminal Court. The data of the fonds are important for researching business affairs of Jewish people both in Dubrovnik, and in the Ottoman Empire, as well as in the countries of the Apennine Peninsula. The topic matters of the applications are mostly unpaid debts and trade disputes, or problems with the delivery of trade goods to Dubrovnik and their shipment to Italian ports. The fonds contains some references to Jewish women, widows, and fatherless girls. These women would defend their rights and their property, most usually from other family members such as their male in-laws, in person, or through their guardians (i.e., vol. 60, ff. 90v-91v). The fonds contains data on famous figures from Jewish history such as Isac Ergas, who was the business representative for Gracia Mendes and conducted all her affairs in Dubrovnik, as well as his brother Samuel, and Abraham Coen de Herrera and his brother Jacob Coen de Herrera (i.e., vol. 13, f. 161). The data of the fonds mainly reference to Jews who were living in Dubrovnik and belonged to families Abeatar, Abenun, Abuaff, Almoslino, Altarac, Ambonetti, Arari, Azubi, Bensahen, Campos, Cittanova, Coen, Costantini, Danon, Esperiel, Fermo, Franco, Gaon, Israel, Lanciano, Levi, Levi Mandolfo, Luzzena, Maestro, Miranda, Oef (Ohev), Pappo, Pardo, Penso, Piade, Ribero, Russo, Salama, Saralvo, Sarfatin, Terni, Tobi, Tolentino, Valenzin, Vitali. The fonds could also be important to a certain extent for the reconstruction of the Jewish business network in the Balkans and the Mediterranean since the names of Jewish merchants from Italian and Ottoman cities are occasionally referenced to in the Civil Court proceedings. The members of families like Zonana, or Benvenisti and Galante from Sofia, Maestro and Tobi from Belgrade, or Franco and Pappo from Venice are also referenced in the fonds.

Chancellery of the Dubrovnik Republic

Vineae; Vigne (Vineyards)

  • HR-DADU-34
  • Fonds
  • 16th century - 18th century

The fonds does not contain any data on Jews.
The fonds consists of registers covering the period from the 16th to the beginning of the 19th century, which were kept by the Wine Office and a commission in charge of controlling the planting of vines. The registers contain entries on cutting of the over-planted grape vines, on taxes on wine (gabella de vinni), data on wine smuggling and similar information (related to wine harvesting).

Wine office

Lamenta de intus (Criminal charges concerning offences committed in the city of Dubrovnik)

Criminal cases were initially tried by Curia Maior and Curia Minor, and from 1459 by the Criminal Court. Registers for criminal offenses of the fonds Lamenta de intus began to be kept systematically around 1440. Although the purpose of these registers was to record crimes committed inside the city walls, the registers also contain documents on crimes committed in the suburbs of the city. Records are generally very short, dating from the early 15th century to the 1770s. Each case consists of a lawsuit initiated by a private person or the state authorities (ex officio), the names of witnesses and, if necessary, their written testimonies. The records in this series mainly relate to cases of physical violence, verbal violence, and property crimes. It is characteristic of the Dubrovnik Criminal Court that it rarely rendered judgements, most likely because most disputes ended in conciliation of the warring parties. Some of the judgements and/or legal decisions were recorded at the end of the case, and some were entered in special books of the Criminalia Fonds (HR-DADU-23). Not all judgments have been preserved for the period before 1667.


The series abounds with information about Jews who came to Dubrovnik from the Apennine Peninsula and from the area of the Ottoman Empire. Overall, the series is a first-rate source for exploring all aspects of the daily life of the Jewish community in Dubrovnik in the 16th century. The archival material also provides an excellent opportunity to analyse the relations of Dubrovnik Jews with their fellow citizens and the city authorities. Another characteristic of this series is that it also provides a large amount of information about converts who came to Dubrovnik from Italian cities and reconverted to their original religion in Dubrovnik. For example, Moshe Sarfatin (Michele Mondego Vas) and his son Jacob (Diego Mondego Vas), Moshe Currier (Duarte Cardoso), Joseph Mocenigo, Leon Mazaod (Pietro de Silva) and his son Joseph (Orlando de Silva) are referenced in this series. In addition, the series provides information about Jewish people who converted to Catholic faith in Dubrovnik, and the most famous among them is Isac Abravanel (Stjepan Abravanel). The name of Didacus Pyrrhus, who repeatedly appears as a witness to various conflicts among the Jews, is worth noting as another significant figure in the Sephardic history (e.g., vol. 107, f. 152). This series records information about the only murder committed by a Jew during the time of the Dubrovnik Republic. The data show that the case is about a convert named Benvenisti Nasci (Isac son of Abraham) from Ferrara, who in 1570 killed another convert Menachem Maraz (vol. 109, ff. 250v-251v). The series also includes fragments of an investigation against a physician from Dubrovnik Moshe Maralio, accused in 1502 of the ritual murder of an old Ragusan woman (vol. 45, ff. 27v-28v). There are many references to Jewish families whose members lived both in Dubrovnik and in various Italian and Ottoman cities (e.g., Abeatar, Abuaf, Amadio, Bensassen, Cabiglio, Camargo, Cidi, Cohen, Cussi, Danon, Esperiel, Formon, Gaon, Lanciano, Levi, Lindo, Maestro, Mazaod, Miranda, Moschato, Oef, Pappo, Pardo, Salama, Sarfatin, Toby).

Dona Turcarum (Presents given by the Ottomans)

There is no reference to Jewish people in this series.
The series contains registers with entries of presents, most often in live stock such as cattle, which the authorities of the Republic had received from Ottoman dignitaries, mostly from Dubrovnik hinterland. The data shows that donors received monetary compensation from the Dubrovnik authorities in accordance with the value of the gift.

Libri affictuum comunis; Affitti (Books of communal leases)

  • HR-DADU-38
  • Fonds
  • 1590-1807

The fonds contains volumes of documents on the rent collection for state-owned buildings primarily in the northern area of Dubrovnik, as well as documents regarding the rent collection for the buildings located on the main city street called Placa. Preserved documents show data until the earthquake in 1667 thus allowing researchers to monitor renting of land and buildings owned by state. According to the existing data, the reconstruction of Dubrovnik after the earthquake began precisely with the reconstruction of state-owned buildings. At the same time, the city authorities tried to restore the system of rent collection. However, financial difficulties forced them to sell most renovated houses and, in this way, raise funds for the renovation of the main buildings of the most important secular and ecclesiastical institutions in the city. The data also show that only a few buildings on the street Placa and in the northern part of the city of Dubrovnik were state-owned after 1667.


This fonds is very important for the research of the history of the ghetto in Dubrovnik, and it also provides data on buildings outside the ghetto in which the Jewish population lived, as well as on the business premises they would lease. The ghetto of the Dubrovnik Republic was in the northern part of the city, and it was established in 1546, in the Street Lojarska. The data in the fonds allow researchers to reconstruct precisely which buildings were a part of the city ghetto and it also further indicates how, with time passing, this ghetto gradually increased or decreased in size. The Jewish community paid the rent for all the buildings that belonged to the ghetto so the precise information on actual persons who lived in those buildings was never recorded. However, the recorded data provide the names of Jews who lived outside the ghetto, specifying as well as the buildings in which they lived, or the premises in which they worked, as well as the amount of the rent they paid (e.g., vol. 14, f. 105). The data thus clearly show that Jews originally lived and did business only in the buildings or premises near the ghetto. This changed in the 18th century, when the records indicate that more Jews lived or worked in the area that encompassed the streets from the ghetto towards the street Antuninska, and there are also references to some Jews who lived in the street of Prijeko. Since a large part of the city was destroyed in the earthquake of 1667, when many buildings on Placa Street collapsed, the authorities allowed businessmen to build improvised wooden shops on the main street, several of which were evidently run by Jews.

State administrative officers in charge of leases for state-owned real estate

Zecca (Mint)

  • HR-DADU-37
  • Fonds
  • 15th century - 19th century

There are no references to Jewish people in this fonds.
The books of this fonds primarily contain the “Principal Books of the Mint” and the “Journal with the General Ledger Book” including the information from the first decade of the 15th century to the beginning of the 19th century.

Mint of the Dubrovnik Republic

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