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Ruoli (Popisi brodskih posada i vlasnika brodova/ Lists of crews and shipowners)

When leaving Dubrovnik, sea captains were obliged to hand over to the Office of Maritime Affairs the list of crew members. It was also mandatory to list the names of co-owners of the ships. The ownership of the ship was divided into 24 shares (karats). The value of one share was between 100 to 1600 ducats of the Ragusan ducats depending on the age, size, and equipment of the ship. The co-owners of the ship, that had to be identified by the captain of the ship in the Office for Maritime Affairs, were obliged to testify under oath and declare the exact number of shares in their ownership. All this information was recorded in specialized books called Ruoli. Preserved Ruoli books contain data for the period from the mid-18th century to the early 19th century, and only some years of that period are missing.


This series is very important for the research of the maritime affairs of Dubrovnik Jews in the 18th century because the existing data give evidence that almost all Jews were co-owners of Ragusan ships. Therefore, references to many Ragusan Jewish families, such as Ambonetti, Barafael, Campos, Costantini, Conort, Janni, Levi, Levi Mandolfo, Luzzena, Maestro, Pardo, Russi, Terni, Tolentino, Valenzin, Venturra, Vitali can be found in the archival material. The data also show that it was extremely rare that the co-owners of the ships were Jews who did not reside in the Dubrovnik Republic. One of those rare cases refer to a Jew by the name of Danon, from Sarajevo (vol. 1, f. 4). Most Jews owned between one half of the share to 3 shares in one or more ships. Less common are those cases in which Jews owned the half of one ship or more (12 shares) (e.g., vol. 1, f. 81). The data also show that Ragusan Jews very rarely owned the entire ship, which was recorded in the fonds Diversa de Foris (HR-DADU-30).

Libri navigiorum; Libri di navigli (Certificates and books of navigation)

There are no references to Jewish people in this series.
According to the data, during the navigation, Ragusan sea-captains had to keep special books which they had to present to the authorities of the Office of Maritime Affairs upon their return to the port. Very few (only eight, in fact) of those books have been preserved in this series. Out of these eight books, two books provide data on trial proceedings conducted in Monaco against a Ragusan sea captain Ivan Maras (1766-1767).

Diversa Meledae (Various documents of the Chancellery of the Autonomous Commune of the island of Mljet)

There are no references to Jewish people in the series.
The series contains various documents registered at the Chancellery of the Autonomous Commune of the island of Mljet from the beginning of the 15th century to the beginning of the 19th century. The documents in the series are primarily witness statements, registrations of Senate decisions, or registrations of sequestrations or auctions, etc.

Apolitiae bullatae (Stamped monetary transfers)

There are no references to Jewish people in this series.
The series of the fonds Apolitiae have not been researched so far and it is difficult to establish the connection between the documents in these series. Similar to the first three series of the fonds Apolitiae, this series also contains entries of salaries of state employees as well as records of other various state expenditures. It is not evident why these monetary transactions are singled out and named as "stamped monetary transactions". Some volumes of this series are named Polizze bulate che si stracciano.

Acta Consilii Rogatorum (Decisions of the Senate of the Dubrovnik Republic)

The series contains the decisions of the Senate (Consilium Rogatorum) from the early 15th to the early 19th century. At the beginning of the 14th century, this administrative body became a permanent authority that primarily made decisions on foreign policy of the Republic and was named the Senate during the 15th century. The Senate became the central body of the administrative power of the Dubrovnik Republic, with a very wide field of activities: from making domestic and foreign policies and dealing with issues regarding economy and trade, to making decisions relevant for the destiny of individual citizens. Senate decisions were applicable to a vast geographical area: Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and, to a lesser extent, Latin America. The Senate was chaired by the Rector whose mandate lasted a month. The Rector presided over both: the Minor Council and the Major Council.


The series is very important for the research of the history of the Jewish people. The documents in the series include most of the key decisions made in the times of the Republic that clearly indicate the attitude of the Republic towards the Jews, as well as how this attitude has been changing throughout the history. Attempting to analyse this attitude, one can find data on the business of Jewish merchants in the Mediterranean and the Balkans, as well as on the private life of Jewish people in the Dubrovnik Republic. According to the data, the first records of the Jews can be found in the documents written ten years after the creation of the Acta Consilii Rogatorum series. Franchus Josepovich (Franius, Josep, Yosue), a Jew from an Albanian town of Vlora, addressed the Senate in 1426 because there was a danger that his goods would be confiscated in Dubrovnik (vol. 3, ff. 292, 292v). Early records of Jews include, for example, a reference to Abram, a messenger of the last Bosnian queen, Katarina (1477; vol. 23, f. 137). Another very significant, perhaps even the most significant document on Jews in this series, is the decision about the establishment of a ghetto, made on October 15, in 1546 (vol. 47, ff. 249v-150v). This specific document describes in detail residential and business premises of the ghetto, locking time of the ghetto doors and rental prices. Certain decisions, on the expansion of the ghetto, as well as on standards of living and business conditions outside the ghetto, had been made later, and continued to be made till the fall of the Republic in 1808. The documents in this series reference to many important figures of the Sephardic world. Some of them only passed through Dubrovnik and some lived in Dubrovnik and were members of the Dubrovnik Jewish community such as: Gracia Mendez and her representatives Abner Alfarin and Isac Ergas, physicians Amatus Lusitanus, Abraham and his son-in-law Joseph Salama, a poet Didacus Pyrrhus, a merchant Daniel Rodrigues (16th century), a rabbi Aron Cohen (17th century), and a merchant Raphael Cohen (18th century). Through the decisions of the Senate, we can follow the destiny of a merchant Isaac Jeshurun, accused of a ritual murder of a Dubrovnik girl (1622). There are many references to other Jews in the series, who most often were Sephardim, and the data found refer to various aspects of their lives. Among other things, the data provide information about trading, appointments of Dubrovnik Jews as Dubrovnik state brokers (sensali), or extraordinary customs duties imposed upon the Jewish community in crisis situations such as plague epidemics. The data also reveal other important facts on treatment, rights and privileges of baptized Jewish women and men. The Senate would also give guarantees of free arrival, restricted residence, and free departure (salvus conductus) to Jewish merchant debtors. Some of these decisions were made based on petitions submitted to the Senate, being, therefore, a particularly interesting source for any research of the business and private lives of Dubrovnik Jews.

Libro delle procure di Meleda (Book of legal authorisations registered at the Chancellery of the Autonomous Commune of the island of Mljet)

There are no references to Jewish people in the series.
The series contains only one volume with legal authorisations registered at the Chancellery of the Autonomous Commune of the island of Mljet from the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century.

Apolitiae (Monetary transfers)

The series consists of books that comprise the period from the middle of the 16th century to the beginning of the 19th century, and is entitled Polizze Ordinarie, while Polizze Extraordinarie are also recorded a tergo. The content of the series primarily deals with the registration of various monetary transfers, i.e., payment of salaries, advances of salaries, and seemingly, also loans to all state employees of the Dubrovnik Republic, to church officials and to certain institutions such as the hospital Domus Christi and monasteries. All series of the fonds Apolitiae have not beenresearched at all so far, and thus their content is difficult to connect to other fonds and at this moment it is only possible to connect the content of this series with the series Strapazzo delle Polizze (HR-DADU-45.2). Each entry in this series contains a certain number, and a more detailed description of a specific monetary transfer can be found under this number in the series Strapazzo delle Polizze.


The reimbursement of a four-months' salary to a state surgeon Abraham in 1589 is probably the only reference to Jewish people in this series (vol. 6, f. 118).

Aptai di misericordia Breni (Promissory notes of charity registered at the Chancellery in the territory of Župa dubrovačka)

There are no references to Jewish people in the series.
The series contains various promissory notes of charity registered at the Chancellery in the territory of Župa dubrovačka between the middle of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century.

Acta Consilii Maioris (Decisions of the Major Council)

  • HR-DADU-02
  • Fonds
  • 1415-1808

The fonds contains the decisions of the Major Council, the supreme body of power, in which all male adult nobles were assembled. Although the Minor Council and the Senate eventually assumed certain responsibilities of the Major Council, the Major Council retained supreme authority until the fall of the Republic (1808). The Major Council passed regulations of a permanent nature (laws), had the last word in decision-making in the most important state affairs, granted pardon and amnesty, as well as elected the Rector, members of the Senate and the Minor Council, and other state officials.


The granting of Isaac Jeshurun’s appeal is most likely the only mention of Jewish people in this fonds. In 1622, Jeshurun ​​was accused of ritual murder of a girl and, during his interrogation, was subjected to torture. When the real killer was discovered, investigations into Jeshurun's alleged complicity in the murder continued. At the end of 1622, he was sentenced to 20 years in prison. In January 1625, the Senate accepted Jeshurun's petition for pardon and forwarded the petition to the Major Council, as this was the only authority that could make decisions on pardons. The record shows that all petitions or pardon would be presented every year before the Major Council, at a session that used to be held before Easter, on Wednesday, during the Holy Week. On March 26, 1625, the Major Council accepted Jeshurun's proposal to change his prison sentence to life-time exile from the Republic (vol. 34, ff. 200v, 201).

Office of the Secretary of the Dubrovnik Republic

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